Vagrantを使って、同じネットワーク上に仮想のUbuntuを立ち上げる

$ brew install vagrant

$ vagrant up
No usable default provider could be found for your system.

Vagrant relies on interactions with 3rd party systems, known as
"providers", to provide Vagrant with resources to run development
environments. Examples are VirtualBox, VMware, Hyper-V.

The easiest solution to this message is to install VirtualBox, which
is available for free on all major platforms.

If you believe you already have a provider available, make sure it
is properly installed and configured. You can see more details about
why a particular provider isn't working by forcing usage with
`vagrant up --provider=PROVIDER`, which should give you a more specific
error message for that particular provider.

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # 使用する Ubuntu のボックスを指定
  config.vm.box = "ubuntu/bionic64"
  
  # 仮想マシンの名前を指定
  config.vm.hostname = "ubuntu-vm"

  # ブリッジネットワークを使用してホストネットワークに接続
  config.vm.network "public_network"

  # 仮想マシンのメモリとCPUを設定
  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
    vb.memory = "2048"  # 仮想マシンに割り当てるメモリ（MB単位）
    vb.cpus = 2         # 仮想マシンに割り当てるCPUコア数
  end

  # 仮想マシンのプロビジョニング（必要に応じてスクリプトを追加）
  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
    apt-get update
    apt-get upgrade -y
    apt-get install -y apache2
  SHELL
end

config.vm.network "public_network"

$ vagrant up

...
==> default: Available bridged network interfaces:
1) en0: Wi-Fi
2) en5: USB Ethernet(?)
3) awdl0
4) llw0
5) en8: Thunderbolt 3
6) en7: Thunderbolt 4
7) en3: Thunderbolt 1
8) en4: Thunderbolt 2
9) bridge0
==> default: When choosing an interface, it is usually the one that is
==> default: being used to connect to the internet.
==> default: 
    default: Which interface should the network bridge to? 1 
...

$ vagrant status
Current machine states:

default                   running (virtualbox)

The VM is running. To stop this VM, you can run `vagrant halt` to
shut it down forcefully, or you can run `vagrant suspend` to simply
suspend the virtual machine. In either case, to restart it again,
simply run `vagrant up`.

$ vagrant ssh default

vagrant@ubuntu-vm:~$ ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    ...
3: enp0s8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:ae:05:af brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.97.131/24 brd 192.168.97.255 scope global dynamic enp0s8
       valid_lft 86033sec preferred_lft 86033sec
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:feae:5af/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

$ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | pbcopy

$ vim .ssh/authorized_keys
// 末尾に コピーしたものを貼り付けて保存する

$ ssh vagrant@192.168.97.131

$ vagrant destroy default