採用情報に載ってた謎のシェルスクリプトmvallを読み解く
就活してたら謎のシェルスクリプトを発見したから読む。
現場エンジニアの自己紹介にシェルスクリプトを載せる企業ってあるんだ(すごい)
例のサイト
載ってたのがコレ。
「エディタで複数ファイル名を一括で変換できるmvall
コマンド」らしい。
矩形選択ができるエディタ(つまりVimか)と相性がいいらしい。自称へっぽこVimmerとして気になる
#!/bin/bash
set -eu
old=`mktemp`
new=`mktemp`
ls -1 $@ | tee $old > $new
${EDITOR:-vi} $new
[[ `wc -l < $old` -ne `wc -l < $new` ]] && exit -1
paste $old $new | while read line; do
[[ `cut -f1 <<<$line` != `cut -f2 <<<$line` ]] && mv -nv $line
done
rm -f $old $new
処理の意味的なまとまりごとに分割する。
いまのところ<<<
の部分がよく分かってない。<<
はヒアドキュメントで<
はリダイレクトだっけ?<
3つ連なっている謎の記号がある...
#!/bin/bash
set -eu
old=`mktemp`
new=`mktemp`
ls -1 $@ | tee $old > $new
${EDITOR:-vi} $new
[[ `wc -l < $old` -ne `wc -l < $new` ]] && exit -1
paste $old $new | while read line; do
[[ `cut -f1 <<<$line` != `cut -f2 <<<$line` ]] && mv -nv $line
done
rm -f $old $new
line 1-2: shebangと実行オプション?
#!/bin/bash
set -eu
#!/bin/bash
はshebangだから、
$ ./mvall.sh # こんな感じにファイルを直接実行をすると
$ /bin/bash ./mvall.sh # カーネル側ではこう解釈して実行してくれる
set -eu
は実行時のエラーに対しての挙動を変えてたはず...
-e
-e When this option is on, when any command fails (for any of the reasons listed in Section 2.8.1, Consequences of Shell Errors or by returning an exit
status greater than zero), the shell immediately shall exit, as if by executing the exit special built-in utility with no arguments, with the follow‐
ing exceptions:
エラーがあったら(終了ステータスが0以外なら)exit
してくれるらしい。大事。
-u
-u When the shell tries to expand an unset parameter other than the '@' and '*' special parameters, it shall write a message to standard error and the
expansion shall fail with the consequences specified in Section 2.8.1, Consequences of Shell Errors.
($@
や$*
以外で)未定義の変数を展開しようとしたときにエラーを吐いてくれるらしい。
おまけ。
-o
オプションの記載に「errexit Equivalent to -e.」とか「nounset Equivalent to -u.」とかが書いてあった。
多分、-e
は err exit が由来で、-u
はnounset 由来?なのかなあ
man set -o
-o option
This option is supported if the system supports the User Portability Utilities option. It shall set various options, many of which shall be equivalent
to the single option letters. The following values of option shall be supported:
allexport Equivalent to -a.
errexit Equivalent to -e.
ignoreeof Prevent an interactive shell from exiting on end-of-file. This setting prevents accidental logouts when <control>‐D is entered. A user shall
explicitly exit to leave the interactive shell.
monitor Equivalent to -m. This option is supported if the system supports the User Portability Utilities option.
noclobber Equivalent to -C (uppercase C).
noglob Equivalent to -f.
noexec Equivalent to -n.
nolog Prevent the entry of function definitions into the command history; see Command History List.
notify Equivalent to -b.
nounset Equivalent to -u.
verbose Equivalent to -v.
vi Allow shell command line editing using the built-in vi editor. Enabling vi mode shall disable any other command line editing mode provided
as an implementation extension.
It need not be possible to set vi mode on for certain block-mode terminals.
xtrace Equivalent to -x.
set -o hoge
でも設定できることを確認。
$ cat a.sh
set -o | grep errexit
set -o errexit
set -o | grep errexit
set -o | grep nounset
set -o nounset
set -o | grep nounset
$ bash a.sh
errexit off
errexit on
nounset off
nounset on
複数オプションを指定するときはset -o opt1 -o opt2
と書く。set -o opt1 opt2
だとopt1
だけonになる
$ cat b.sh
set -o | grep errexit
set -o | grep nounset
set -o errexit -o nounset
set -o | grep errexit
set -o | grep nounset
$ bash b.sh
errexit off
nounset off
errexit on
nounset on
おまけ2。普通にset --help
に各オプションの簡単な説明が載ってた...
-
-e
... Exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status. -
-u
... Treat unset variables as an error when substituting.
おまけ1の箇所含めdiffっぽくハイライトしておいた
`set --help`
set: set [-abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o option-name] [--] [-] [arg ...]
Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.
Change the value of shell attributes and positional parameters, or
display the names and values of shell variables.
Options:
-a Mark variables which are modified or created for export.
-b Notify of job termination immediately.
+ -e Exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status.
-f Disable file name generation (globbing).
-h Remember the location of commands as they are looked up.
-k All assignment arguments are placed in the environment for a
command, not just those that precede the command name.
-m Job control is enabled.
-n Read commands but do not execute them.
-o option-name
Set the variable corresponding to option-name:
allexport same as -a
braceexpand same as -B
emacs use an emacs-style line editing interface
+ errexit same as -e
errtrace same as -E
functrace same as -T
hashall same as -h
histexpand same as -H
history enable command history
ignoreeof the shell will not exit upon reading EOF
interactive-comments
allow comments to appear in interactive commands
keyword same as -k
monitor same as -m
noclobber same as -C
noexec same as -n
noglob same as -f
nolog currently accepted but ignored
notify same as -b
+ nounset same as -u
onecmd same as -t
physical same as -P
pipefail the return value of a pipeline is the status of
the last command to exit with a non-zero status,
or zero if no command exited with a non-zero status
posix change the behavior of bash where the default
operation differs from the Posix standard to
match the standard
privileged same as -p
verbose same as -v
vi use a vi-style line editing interface
xtrace same as -x
-p Turned on whenever the real and effective user ids do not match.
Disables processing of the $ENV file and importing of shell
functions. Turning this option off causes the effective uid and
gid to be set to the real uid and gid.
-t Exit after reading and executing one command.
+ -u Treat unset variables as an error when substituting.
-v Print shell input lines as they are read.
-x Print commands and their arguments as they are executed.
-B the shell will perform brace expansion
-C If set, disallow existing regular files to be overwritten
by redirection of output.
-E If set, the ERR trap is inherited by shell functions.
-H Enable ! style history substitution. This flag is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
-P If set, do not resolve symbolic links when executing commands
such as cd which change the current directory.
-T If set, the DEBUG and RETURN traps are inherited by shell functions.
-- Assign any remaining arguments to the positional parameters.
If there are no remaining arguments, the positional parameters
are unset.
- Assign any remaining arguments to the positional parameters.
The -x and -v options are turned off.
Using + rather than - causes these flags to be turned off. The
flags can also be used upon invocation of the shell. The current
set of flags may be found in $-. The remaining n ARGs are positional
parameters and are assigned, in order, to $1, $2, .. $n. If no
ARGs are given, all shell variables are printed.
Exit Status:
Returns success unless an invalid option is given.
mktemp
line 3-4: old=`mktemp`
new=`mktemp`
$old
と$new
に一時ファイルのパスを代入してる。$(cmd)
でも同じ。
line 5
ls -1 $@ | tee $old > $new
ls -1 $@
の -1
は1行に1ファイルだけ表示するオプション。
$@
はシェルスクリプトまたは関数の実行時に与えられた引数を展開するヤツ。
$ ls
a.txt b.txt c.txt
$ cat hoge.sh
ls -1 $@
$ bash hoge.sh a.txt b.txt
a.txt
b.txt