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An error occurred while installing mysql2 (0.5.3), M1 Mac
An error occurred while installing mysql2 (0.5.3), and Bundler cannot continue.Make sure that gem install mysql2 -v '0.5.3' --source 'https://rubygems.org/' succeeds before bundling.
rails7でbundle installしようとしたらハマって、
なかなか記事が見つけられなかったので作成することにしました。
以下のコマンドで解決した人しなかった人向けの記事です
$ bundle config --local build.mysql2 "--with-ldflags=-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"
$ bundle install
一番下のまとめがあるので、端折りたい人は下までスクロールしてください
開発環境
MacBook Pro（14インチ、2021）
Apple M1 Pro
ローカル
Ruby 3.0.1
Rails 7.0.1
mysql 0.5.3がinstallできなかった
上記でも書いたようにrails7でbundle installしたら、mysql２(0.5.3)がインストールできませんでした。
$ bundle install
..
..
linking shared-object mysql2/mysql2.bundle
ld: library not found for -lssl
ld: library not found for -lzstd
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [mysql2.bundle] Error 1
make failed, exit code 2
Gem files will remain installed in /var/folders/mj/93db0vd975799gg9w3nnr3_r0000gn/T/bundler20190503-14531-xlyd6cmysql2-0.5.3/gems/mysql2-0.5.3 for inspection.
Results logged to /var/folders/mj/93db0vd975799gg9w3nnr3_r0000gn/T/bundler20190503-14531-xlyd6cmysql2-0.5.3/extensions/universal-darwin-18/2.3.0/mysql2-0.5.2/gem_make.out
An error occurred while installing mysql2 (0.5.3), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install mysql2 -v '0.5.3'` succeeds before bundling.
In Gemfile:
mysql2
とりあえず、エラーに書かれていたので
gem install mysql2 -v '0.5.3'
を実行
$ gem install mysql2 -v '0.5.3'
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing mysql2:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
current directory: /Users/kosuke/.rbenv/versions/3.0.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/mysql2-0.5.3/ext/mysql2
/Users/kosuke/.rbenv/versions/3.0.1/bin/ruby -I /Users/kosuke/.rbenv/versions/3.0.1/lib/ruby/3.0.0 -r ./siteconf20220203-35588-2amaid.rb extconf.rb
checking for rb_absint_size()... yes
checking for rb_absint_singlebit_p()... yes
checking for rb_wait_for_single_fd()... yes
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
...
..
.
調べてみると、どうやらAppleの独自暗号化ライブラリが優先して使用されるからgemをinstallしてビルドする際に、互換性のあるopensslを使用しなければいけないらしい...？
homebrew の mysql ライブラリは homebrew の openssl を使ってビルドされていて、それを gem i mysql2 でも使いたいけど、homebrew の openssl は /usr/local (or /opt/homebrew )に symlink が貼られておらず gem install では見つけることができないので ldflag を指定する
とりあえず、確認
$ openssl version
LibreSSL 2.8.3
opensslじゃないものが入ってる
→High SierraからデフォルトがOpenSSLからLibreSSLに変更されたらしい
LibreSSLからOpenSSLに変更
まずはLibreSSLが悪さをしているので、OpenSSLに変更する
$ brew link --force openssl@1.1
Linking /opt/homebrew/Cellar/openssl@1.1/1.1.1m... 3989 symlinks created.
If you need to have this software first in your PATH instead consider running:
echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@1.1/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
# ~/.zshrcに以下のパスを追加
$ echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@1.1/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
$ source ~/.zshrc
$ openssl version
OpenSSL 1.1.1m
これでOpenSSLに変わった
bundle configのパス変更
その後にbundle configにmysqlをbuildするためのパスを追加
$ brew info openssl@1.1
openssl@1.1: stable 1.1.1m (bottled) [keg-only]
Cryptography and SSL/TLS Toolkit
https://openssl.org/
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openssl@1.1/1.1.1m (8,081 files, 18MB) *
Poured from bottle on 2022-01-18 at 19:26:24
From: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/blob/HEAD/Formula/openssl@1.1.rb
License: OpenSSL
==> Dependencies
Required: ca-certificates ✔
==> Caveats
A CA file has been bootstrapped using certificates from the system
keychain. To add additional certificates, place .pem files in
/opt/homebrew/etc/openssl@1.1/certs
and run
/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@1.1/bin/c_rehash
openssl@1.1 is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /opt/homebrew,
because macOS provides LibreSSL.
If you need to have openssl@1.1 first in your PATH, run:
echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@1.1/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
For compilers to find openssl@1.1 you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@1.1/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@1.1/include"
For pkg-config to find openssl@1.1 you may need to set:
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@1.1/lib/pkgconfig"
==> Analytics
install: 855,084 (30 days), 2,889,680 (90 days), 10,383,915 (365 days)
install-on-request: 25,446 (30 days), 83,602 (90 days), 642,883 (365 days)
build-error: 719 (30 days)
$ bundle config --local build.mysql2 "--with-ldflags=-L/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@1.1/lib
$ bundle install
Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
..
..
..
2 warnings generated.
compiling infile.c
compiling mysql2_ext.c
compiling result.c
compiling statement.c
linking shared-object mysql2/mysql2.bundle
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/'
ld: library not found for -lzstd
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [mysql2.bundle] Error 1
make failed, exit code 2
..
..
An error occurred while installing mysql2 (0.5.3), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install mysql2 -v '0.5.3' --source 'https://rubygems.org/'` succeeds before bundling.
In Gemfile:
mysql2
まだいけない
他の解決策を探している中でLIBRARY_PATHを設定しているものがあった
※ 以下は最終的に要らないので打ち込まないでください
$ export LIBRARY_PATH=$LIBRARY_PATH:/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openssl@3/lib
$ bundle install
...
..
2 warnings generated.
compiling infile.c
compiling mysql2_ext.c
compiling result.c
compiling statement.c
linking shared-object mysql2/mysql2.bundle
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/'
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openssl@3/lib'
ld: library not found for -lzstd
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [mysql2.bundle] Error 1
make failed, exit code 2
..
..
An error occurred while installing mysql2 (0.5.3), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install mysql2 -v '0.5.3' --source 'https://rubygems.org/'` succeeds before bundling.
In Gemfile:
mysql2
ld: library not found for -lzstdのエラーが消えない
無駄な環境変数の削除
上記のログに他の手順で無駄な環境変数を追加してしまっていて、
warningが出ていたので一先ず、消すことにした
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/'
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openssl@1.1/1.1.1k/lib'
ld: library not found for -lzstd
# 環境変数一覧コマンド
$ export -p
..
...
export LIBRARY_PATH=:/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/:/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openssl@1.1/1.1.1k/lib:/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openssl@3/3.0.1/lib/
...
..
以下のコマンドで消す
$ unset LIBRARY_PATH
正しいLIBRARY_PATHの設定
$ export LIBRARY_PATH=$LIBRARY_PATH:/opt/homebrew/Cellar/zstd/1.5.2/lib:/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openssl@1.1/1.1.1m/lib/
zstdのパスとopensslのパスの両方が必要だった
もう一度エラーを見返そう
ld: library not found for -lzstd
-lzstd
答えはエラーの中に書いてあった...orz
- zstdとは？
- 圧縮形式Zstandard
- Facebookがオープンソース化した圧縮アルゴリズムライブラリ
- Cellarとは？
- インストール先。brew install でインストールしたパッケージがある場所。
まとめ
一番最初に出ていたエラーに書かれていた
ld: library not found for -lssl
ld: library not found for -lzstd
１つ目がOpenSSLが原因で、２つ目はzstdが原因だったようです。
最初からエラーに答えは書いてあったという...
$ brew install openssl
$ echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@1.1/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
$ source ~/.zshrc
$ bundle config --local build.mysql2 "--with-ldflags=-L/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@1.1/lib"
$ export LIBRARY_PATH=$LIBRARY_PATH:/opt/homebrew/Cellar/zstd/1.5.2/lib:/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openssl@1.1/1.1.1m/lib/
ruby3.1の場合は、
$ brew install openssl
$ echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
$ source ~/.zshrc
$ bundle config --local build.mysql2 "--with-ldflags=-L/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/lib"
$ export LIBRARY_PATH=$LIBRARY_PATH:/opt/homebrew/Cellar/zstd/1.5.2/lib:/opt/homebrew/Cellar/openssl@3/3.0.1/lib/
参考
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