🐍

Django環境構築

2021/09/19に公開

python setup

私はpyenv + venvで環境を切り分けています。ここは宗教なので深堀はしません。

python -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate
pip install django

startproject

django-admin startproject config .
フォルダ構成
├── config
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── asgi.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
└── manage.py

settingsファイルをstateによって切り替えられるように

フォルダ構成
├── config
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── asgi.py
│   ├── settings
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── base.py
│   │   ├── local.py
│   │   ├── production.py
│   │   └── staging.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
└── manage.py
base.py
"""
Django settings for config project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.2.7.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/
"""
import os # changed
from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent # changed


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY') # SECRET_KEYを環境変数として設定します

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = False # changed

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'config.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'config.wsgi.application'


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]



# Database
# deleted (別のファイルで設定します)

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'ja' #changed

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Tokyo' # changed

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
local.py
import os
from .base import *

DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': os.environ.get("DB_ENGINE", "django.db.backends.sqlite3"),
        "NAME": os.environ.get("DB_NAME", os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "db.sqlite3")),
        "USER": os.environ.get("DB_USER", "user"),
        "PASSWORD": os.environ.get("DB_PASSWORD", "password"),
        "HOST": os.environ.get("DB_HOST", "localhost"),
        "PORT": os.environ.get("DB_PORT", "5432"),
    }
}

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static/')

production.py, staging.pyはlocal.pyを参考に作成し、DEBUG, ALLOWED_HOSTSをお好みで変更します。

wsgi.py
"""
WSGI config for config project.

It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/deployment/wsgi/
"""

import os

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

# os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'config.settings')

envstate = os.environ.get('ENV_STATE')
if envstate == 'production':
    # settings/production.py
    os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE',
                          'config.settings.production')
elif envstate == 'staging':
    # settings/staging.py
    os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'config.settings.staging')
else:
    # settings/local.py
    os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'config.settings.local')


application = get_wsgi_application()
manage.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks."""
import os
import sys


def main():
    """Run administrative tasks."""
    # os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'config.settings')
    envstate = os.environ.get("ENV_STATE", "local")
    if envstate == "production":
        # settings/production.py
        os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "config.settings.production")
    elif envstate == "staging":
        # settings/staging.py
        os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "config.settings.staging")
    else:
        # settings/local.py
        os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "config.settings.local")

    try:
        from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
    except ImportError as exc:
        raise ImportError(
            "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
            "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "
            "forget to activate a virtual environment?"
        ) from exc
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

ENV_STATEを環境変数として設定します。

(commitします。migrateはauth user modelの作成が終わるまではしないでください。)

Dockerにのせる

auth user modelの作成

migrateする前に自分でauth user modelを作成する必要があります。あとからの変更はほぼできません。

django-admin startapp account
account/models.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin
import uuid
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
from django.utils import timezone


class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
    use_in_migrations = True

    def create_user(self, email, username, uid):
        if not uid:
            raise ValueError("The given uid must be set")
        if not email:
            raise ValueError("The given email must be set")
        if not username:
            raise ValueError("The given username must be set")
        user = self.model(email=email, username=username, uid=uid)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

    def create_superuser(self, email, password):
        user = self.model(email=email)
        user.is_admin = True
        user.is_superuser = True
        user.is_staff = True
        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user


class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
    uuid = models.UUIDField(default=uuid.uuid4, editable=False, unique=True, primary_key=True)

    # user info
    email = models.EmailField(_("email address"), unique=True)
    username = models.CharField(
        _("username"),
        max_length=250,
        blank=True,
    )
    firebase_uid = models.CharField(max_length=36, blank=True)

    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_superuser = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_staff = models.BooleanField(
        _("staff status"),
        default=False,
        help_text=_("Designates whether the user can log into this admin site."),
    )

    date_joined = models.DateTimeField(_("date joined"), default=timezone.now)

    objects = UserManager()

    USERNAME_FIELD = "username"
    EMAIL_FIELD = "email"
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ["email"]

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = _("user")
        verbose_name_plural = _("users")

firebase authを使うことを想定しているため適宜変更してください。

Discussion