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天気予報を定期的に取得して、DiscordにWebhookで投稿する

2024/03/25に公開
5件
Discord
GAS
Webhook
気象庁
天気予報
tech

今度、2泊3日で広島旅行に行くんすよ。
ただ一つ問題があって、天気によって予定が変わる可能性があるんです。
飯屋の予約とかもあるし、こまめに天気予報を確認したい。
でも、ウェザーニュースを毎日開くのがめんどくさい。

ということで、こんな感じのbotを作ってみました。
Image from Gyazo

仕様(簡単に)

  • Webhookを用いてDiscordに投稿
  • 天気の取得には気象庁APIを使う
  • GASを用いて、1時間おきに実行
  • 特定の日付の天気予報のみ表示

使用技術

  • Google Apps Script
  • Discord Webhook
  • 気象庁API
  • WeatherNewsIcon
    • あくまで個人利用の範囲で使用しています

結論(ソースコード)

GitHubにも上げてるよ↓
Hyouhyan「noticeWeatherWebhook」

function getWeatherPost() {
  const DISCORD_WEBHOOK = "https://discord.com/api/webhooks/1593203573541459072/UopKs-a324t-45y6789009876543210p9o87654321qazwsx";

  const url = "https://www.jma.go.jp/bosai/forecast/data/forecast/";
  const area = "340000"; // 広島
  const response = UrlFetchApp.fetch(`${url}${area}.json`); 

  const json=JSON.parse(response.getContentText());

  const reportDatetime = new Date(json[0]["reportDatetime"])

  embeds = []

  for(const area of json[1].timeSeries[0].areas){
        if(area.area.name=="南部"){
          today = new Date()
          for(const weatherCode of area.weatherCodes){
            imgurl = `https://www.jma.go.jp/bosai/forecast/img/${weatherCode}.png`
            imgurl = `https://weathernews.jp/onebox/img/wxicon/${weatherCode}.png`

            if (today.getMonth() + 1 == "3" && (today.getDate() == 27 || today.getDate() == 28 || today.getDate() == 29))
            embeds[embeds.length] = {
              "title": `${today.getMonth() + 1}月${today.getDate()}日`,
              "description": allWeatherCode[weatherCode][3],
              "color": 5620992,
              "thumbnail": {
                "url": imgurl
              }
            }

            today.setDate(today.getDate() + 1)
          }
        }
  }

  data = {
    "content": `広島県南部の天気 ${reportDatetime.getMonth() + 1}月${reportDatetime.getDate()}日 ${reportDatetime.getHours()}時${reportDatetime.getMinutes()}分 更新`,
    "embeds":embeds
  }
  options =
  {
    "method" : "POST",
    'contentType': 'application/json',
    'payload' : JSON.stringify(data)
  };
  UrlFetchApp.fetch(DISCORD_WEBHOOK, options);
  
}

function getIcon(weather){
  icon = {"晴":":sunny:", "曇":":cloud:", "雨":":cloud_rain:", "雪":":snowman2:"};
  state = {"一時":":left_right_arrow:", "時々":":left_right_arrow:", "のち":":arrow_right:", "後":":arrow_right:"};
  
  if(weather.length > 2){
    return icon[weather[0]] +state[weather.slice(1,3)] +icon[weather[3]];
  }
  else{
    return icon[weather[0]];
  }
    
}

const allWeatherCode = {"100":["100.svg","500.svg","100","晴","CLEAR"],"101":["101.svg","501.svg","100","晴時々曇","PARTLYCLOUDY"],"102":["102.svg","502.svg","300","晴一時雨","CLEAR,OCCASIONALSCATTEREDSHOWERS"],"103":["102.svg","502.svg","300","晴時々雨","CLEAR,FREQUENTSCATTEREDSHOWERS"],"104":["104.svg","504.svg","400","晴一時雪","CLEAR,SNOWFLURRIES"],"105":["104.svg","504.svg","400","晴時々雪","CLEAR,FREQUENTSNOWFLURRIES"],"106":["102.svg","502.svg","300","晴一時雨か雪","CLEAR,OCCASIONALSCATTEREDSHOWERSORSNOWFLURRIES"],"107":["102.svg","502.svg","300","晴時々雨か雪","CLEAR,FREQUENTSCATTEREDSHOWERSORSNOWFLURRIES"],"108":["102.svg","502.svg","300","晴一時雨か雷雨","CLEAR,OCCASIONALSCATTEREDSHOWERSAND/ORTHUNDER"],"110":["110.svg","510.svg","100","晴後時々曇","CLEAR,PARTLYCLOUDYLATER"],"111":["110.svg","510.svg","100","晴後曇","CLEAR,CLOUDYLATER"],"112":["112.svg","512.svg","300","晴後一時雨","CLEAR,OCCASIONALSCATTEREDSHOWERSLATER"],"113":["112.svg","512.svg","300","晴後時々雨","CLEAR,FREQUENTSCATTEREDSHOWERSLATER"],"114":["112.svg","512.svg","300","晴後雨","CLEAR,RAINLATER"],"115":["115.svg","515.svg","400","晴後一時雪","CLEAR,OCCASIONALSNOWFLURRIESLATER"],"116":["115.svg","515.svg","400","晴後時々雪","CLEAR,FREQUENTSNOWFLURRIESLATER"],"117":["115.svg","515.svg","400","晴後雪","CLEAR,SNOWLATER"],"118":["112.svg","512.svg","300","晴後雨か雪","CLEAR,RAINORSNOWLATER"],"119":["112.svg","512.svg","300","晴後雨か雷雨","CLEAR,RAINAND/ORTHUNDERLATER"],"120":["102.svg","502.svg","300","晴朝夕一時雨","OCCASIONALSCATTEREDSHOWERSINTHEMORNINGANDEVENING,CLEARDURINGTHEDAY"],"121":["102.svg","502.svg","300","晴朝の内一時雨","OCCASIONALSCATTEREDSHOWERSINTHEMORNING,CLEARDURINGTHEDAY"],"122":["112.svg","512.svg","300","晴夕方一時雨","CLEAR,OCCASIONALSCATTEREDSHOWERSINTHEEVENING"],"123":["100.svg","500.svg","100","晴山沿い雷雨","CLEARINTHEPLAINS,RAINANDTHUNDERNEARMOUTAINOUSAREAS"],"124":["100.svg","500.svg","100","晴山沿い雪","CLEARINTHEPLAINS,SNOWNEARMOUTAINOUSAREAS"],"125":["112.svg","512.svg","300","晴午後は雷雨","CLEAR,RAINANDTHUNDERINTHEAFTERNOON"],"126":["112.svg","512.svg","300","晴昼頃から雨","CLEAR,RAININTHEAFTERNOON"],"127":["112.svg","512.svg","300","晴夕方から雨","CLEAR,RAININTHEEVENING"],"128":["112.svg","512.svg","300","晴夜は雨","CLEAR,RAININTHENIGHT"],"130":["100.svg","500.svg","100","朝の内霧後晴","FOGINTHEMORNING,CLEARLATER"],"131":["100.svg","500.svg","100","晴明け方霧","FOGAROUNDDAWN,CLEARLATER"],"132":["101.svg","501.svg","100","晴朝夕曇","CLOUDYINTHEMORNINGANDEVENING,CLEARDURINGTHEDAY"],"140":["102.svg","502.svg","300","晴時々雨で雷を伴う","CLEAR,FREQUENTSCATTEREDSHOWERSANDTHUNDER"],"160":["104.svg","504.svg","400","晴一時雪か雨","CLEAR,SNOWFLURRIESOROCCASIONALSCATTEREDSHOWERS"],"170":["104.svg","504.svg","400","晴時々雪か雨","CLEAR,FREQUENTSNOWFLURRIESORSCATTEREDSHOWERS"],"181":["115.svg","515.svg","400","晴後雪か雨","CLEAR,SNOWORRAINLATER"],"200":["200.svg","200.svg","200","曇","CLOUDY"],"201":["201.svg","601.svg","200","曇時々晴","MOSTLYCLOUDY"],"202":["202.svg","202.svg","300","曇一時雨","CLOUDY,OCCASIONALSCATTEREDSHOWERS"],"203":["202.svg","202.svg","300","曇時々雨","CLOUDY,FREQUENTSCATTEREDSHOWERS"],"204":["204.svg","204.svg","400","曇一時雪","CLOUDY,OCCASIONALSNOWFLURRIES"],"205":["204.svg","204.svg","400","曇時々雪","CLOUDYFREQUENTSNOWFLURRIES"],"206":["202.svg","202.svg","300","曇一時雨か雪","CLOUDY,OCCASIONALSCATTEREDSHOWERSORSNOWFLURRIES"],"207":["202.svg","202.svg","300","曇時々雨か雪","CLOUDY,FREQUENTSCCATEREDSHOWERSORSNOWFLURRIES"],"208":["202.svg","202.svg","300","曇一時雨か雷雨","CLOUDY,OCCASIONALSCATTEREDSHOWERSAND/ORTHUNDER"],"209":["200.svg","200.svg","200","霧","FOG"],"210":["210.svg","610.svg","200","曇後時々晴","CLOUDY,PARTLYCLOUDYLATER"],"211":["210.svg","610.svg","200","曇後晴","CLOUDY,CLEARLATER"],"212":["212.svg","212.svg","300","曇後一時雨","CLOUDY,OCCASIONALSCATTEREDSHOWERSLATER"],"213":["212.svg","212.svg","300","曇後時々雨","CLOUDY,FREQUENTSCATTEREDSHOWERSLATER"],"214":["212.svg","212.svg","300","曇後雨","CLOUDY,RAINLATER"],"215":["215.svg","215.svg","400","曇後一時雪","CLOUDY,SNOWFLURRIESLATER"],"216":["215.svg","215.svg","400","曇後時々雪","CLOUDY,FREQUENTSNOWFLURRIESLATER"],"217":["215.svg","215.svg","400","曇後雪","CLOUDY,SNOWLATER"],"218":["212.svg","212.svg","300","曇後雨か雪","CLOUDY,RAINORSNOWLATER"],"219":["212.svg","212.svg","300","曇後雨か雷雨","CLOUDY,RAINAND/ORTHUNDERLATER"],"220":["202.svg","202.svg","300","曇朝夕一時雨","OCCASIONALSCCATEREDSHOWERSINTHEMORNINGANDEVENING,CLOUDYDURINGTHEDAY"],"221":["202.svg","202.svg","300","曇朝の内一時雨","CLOUDYOCCASIONALSCCATEREDSHOWERSINTHEMORNING"],"222":["212.svg","212.svg","300","曇夕方一時雨","CLOUDY,OCCASIONALSCCATEREDSHOWERSINTHEEVENING"],"223":["201.svg","601.svg","200","曇日中時々晴","CLOUDYINTHEMORNINGANDEVENING,PARTLYCLOUDYDURINGTHEDAY,"],"224":["212.svg","212.svg","300","曇昼頃から雨","CLOUDY,RAININTHEAFTERNOON"],"225":["212.svg","212.svg","300","曇夕方から雨","CLOUDY,RAININTHEEVENING"],"226":["212.svg","212.svg","300","曇夜は雨","CLOUDY,RAININTHENIGHT"],"228":["215.svg","215.svg","400","曇昼頃から雪","CLOUDY,SNOWINTHEAFTERNOON"],"229":["215.svg","215.svg","400","曇夕方から雪","CLOUDY,SNOWINTHEEVENING"],"230":["215.svg","215.svg","400","曇夜は雪","CLOUDY,SNOWINTHENIGHT"],"231":["200.svg","200.svg","200","曇海上海岸は霧か霧雨","CLOUDY,FOGORDRIZZLINGONTHESEAANDNEARSEASHORE"],"240":["202.svg","202.svg","300","曇時々雨で雷を伴う","CLOUDY,FREQUENTSCCATEREDSHOWERSANDTHUNDER"],"250":["204.svg","204.svg","400","曇時々雪で雷を伴う","CLOUDY,FREQUENTSNOWANDTHUNDER"],"260":["204.svg","204.svg","400","曇一時雪か雨","CLOUDY,SNOWFLURRIESOROCCASIONALSCATTEREDSHOWERS"],"270":["204.svg","204.svg","400","曇時々雪か雨","CLOUDY,FREQUENTSNOWFLURRIESORSCATTEREDSHOWERS"],"281":["215.svg","215.svg","400","曇後雪か雨","CLOUDY,SNOWORRAINLATER"],"300":["300.svg","300.svg","300","雨","RAIN"],"301":["301.svg","701.svg","300","雨時々晴","RAIN,PARTLYCLOUDY"],"302":["302.svg","302.svg","300","雨時々止む","SHOWERSTHROUGHOUTTHEDAY"],"303":["303.svg","303.svg","400","雨時々雪","RAIN,FREQUENTSNOWFLURRIES"],"304":["300.svg","300.svg","300","雨か雪","RAINORSNOW"],"306":["300.svg","300.svg","300","大雨","HEAVYRAIN"],"308":["308.svg","308.svg","300","雨で暴風を伴う","RAINSTORM"],"309":["303.svg","303.svg","400","雨一時雪","RAIN,OCCASIONALSNOW"],"311":["311.svg","711.svg","300","雨後晴","RAIN,CLEARLATER"],"313":["313.svg","313.svg","300","雨後曇","RAIN,CLOUDYLATER"],"314":["314.svg","314.svg","400","雨後時々雪","RAIN,FREQUENTSNOWFLURRIESLATER"],"315":["314.svg","314.svg","400","雨後雪","RAIN,SNOWLATER"],"316":["311.svg","711.svg","300","雨か雪後晴","RAINORSNOW,CLEARLATER"],"317":["313.svg","313.svg","300","雨か雪後曇","RAINORSNOW,CLOUDYLATER"],"320":["311.svg","711.svg","300","朝の内雨後晴","RAININTHEMORNING,CLEARLATER"],"321":["313.svg","313.svg","300","朝の内雨後曇","RAININTHEMORNING,CLOUDYLATER"],"322":["303.svg","303.svg","400","雨朝晩一時雪","OCCASIONALSNOWINTHEMORNINGANDEVENING,RAINDURINGTHEDAY"],"323":["311.svg","711.svg","300","雨昼頃から晴","RAIN,CLEARINTHEAFTERNOON"],"324":["311.svg","711.svg","300","雨夕方から晴","RAIN,CLEARINTHEEVENING"],"325":["311.svg","711.svg","300","雨夜は晴","RAIN,CLEARINTHENIGHT"],"326":["314.svg","314.svg","400","雨夕方から雪","RAIN,SNOWINTHEEVENING"],"327":["314.svg","314.svg","400","雨夜は雪","RAIN,SNOWINTHENIGHT"],"328":["300.svg","300.svg","300","雨一時強く降る","RAIN,EXPECTOCCASIONALHEAVYRAINFALL"],"329":["300.svg","300.svg","300","雨一時みぞれ","RAIN,OCCASIONALSLEET"],"340":["400.svg","400.svg","400","雪か雨","SNOWORRAIN"],"350":["300.svg","300.svg","300","雨で雷を伴う","RAINANDTHUNDER"],"361":["411.svg","811.svg","400","雪か雨後晴","SNOWORRAIN,CLEARLATER"],"371":["413.svg","413.svg","400","雪か雨後曇","SNOWORRAIN,CLOUDYLATER"],"400":["400.svg","400.svg","400","雪","SNOW"],"401":["401.svg","801.svg","400","雪時々晴","SNOW,FREQUENTCLEAR"],"402":["402.svg","402.svg","400","雪時々止む","SNOWTHROUGHOUTTHEDAY"],"403":["403.svg","403.svg","400","雪時々雨","SNOW,FREQUENTSCCATEREDSHOWERS"],"405":["400.svg","400.svg","400","大雪","HEAVYSNOW"],"406":["406.svg","406.svg","400","風雪強い","SNOWSTORM"],"407":["406.svg","406.svg","400","暴風雪","HEAVYSNOWSTORM"],"409":["403.svg","403.svg","400","雪一時雨","SNOW,OCCASIONALSCCATEREDSHOWERS"],"411":["411.svg","811.svg","400","雪後晴","SNOW,CLEARLATER"],"413":["413.svg","413.svg","400","雪後曇","SNOW,CLOUDYLATER"],"414":["414.svg","414.svg","400","雪後雨","SNOW,RAINLATER"],"420":["411.svg","811.svg","400","朝の内雪後晴","SNOWINTHEMORNING,CLEARLATER"],"421":["413.svg","413.svg","400","朝の内雪後曇","SNOWINTHEMORNING,CLOUDYLATER"],"422":["414.svg","414.svg","400","雪昼頃から雨","SNOW,RAININTHEAFTERNOON"],"423":["414.svg","414.svg","400","雪夕方から雨","SNOW,RAININTHEEVENING"],"425":["400.svg","400.svg","400","雪一時強く降る","SNOW,EXPECTOCCASIONALHEAVYSNOWFALL"],"426":["400.svg","400.svg","400","雪後みぞれ","SNOW,SLEETLATER"],"427":["400.svg","400.svg","400","雪一時みぞれ","SNOW,OCCASIONALSLEET"],"450":["400.svg","400.svg","400","雪で雷を伴う","SNOWANDTHUNDER"]}

解説

気象庁API

気象庁APIは、気象庁が提供している天気予報のAPIです。
ただ、提供していると言っても、気象庁が内部で使用しているものになるので、サポートの対象外です。
(まあ、使えるし、いいんじゃないかなーと思っています)

気象庁のURLと地域コード(広島なら340000)を指定することで、その地域の天気予報が取得できます。
例: 広島の天気予報
https://www.jma.go.jp/bosai/forecast/data/forecast/340000.json
ちなみに、地域コードはここで確認できます。
https://www.jma.go.jp/bosai/common/const/area.json

Discord Webhook

Discord Webhookは、Discordに投稿するためのURLです。
認証とかを考えずPOSTするだけで使えるので、非常に使い勝手がいいです。

特筆することとすればEmbedぐらいでしょうか。
こちらを参考にしました。
https://qiita.com/hisuie08/items/5b63924156080694fc81

Embedを指定する時、embedsとなっていることから分かるように、Embedは複数指定できます。
そのため、embeds = []として、配列にPushしています。

GAS

Google Apps Scriptは、Googleが提供しているスクリプトエンジンです。
本来ならLinuxでcronを使って定期実行的なことをしなければいけませんが、これがあれば、Linuxサーバーを用意せずとも、無料で定期実行ができます。

こんな感じで、時間ベースの1時間おきに設定しています。
Image from Gyazo

Image from Gyazo

参考文献

https://scrapbox.io/ke456memo/Discord_Webhookでお天気＆タスクbot
https://qiita.com/youtoy/items/932bc48b03ced5a45c71

GitHubで編集を提案

Discussion

鈴なり れの鈴なり れの

let,varが使われていますがどうしたんですか？

ひょうひゃんひょうひゃん

ご指摘ありがとうございます。😄

「どうしたんですか？」が何を指すかによりますが、

letとvarが混在していることに対してであれば、頭を使わずに書いたから…ですね。
目標達成のためにコピペして編集を繰り返したことによる、所謂初心者あるあるです。

宣言をしていることに対してであれば、それは単純に知りませんでした(古い人間なので…)。
調べてわかりましたが、Pythonのように宣言無しで変数を扱えるのですね。

ご指摘を受け、constと無宣言で変数を扱う仕様に変更しました。

鈴なり れの鈴なり れの
  1. 再代入を行わないものは const で宣言すること
  2. var では予期せぬバグを招くため、再代入を行う場合は let を使用する

この２つを理解してコードを書いていると思い、「let,varが使われていますがどうしたんですか？」という言葉足らずのコメントとなってしまいました。

この記事を見てコーディングする方はいると思います。
その際に var について考えもせず他のコードでも書いてしまう可能性があり、それは②を招くケースがあるのでこのような記事を書く際はコードに対してもきちんと考えて作成する必要があると思いました。

また、誤解を招いているかと思いますが宣言無しで変数を扱えることはできません。

コードを書いて実行しエラーが発生しているか否かを判断してコードの修正を行うようにしてはどうでしょうか。

ひょうひゃんひょうひゃん

ご返信ありがとうございます。
1に関しては先程のご指摘時に修正いたしました。

「この記事を見てコーディングする方はいると思います。」は確かにそうですね。
私の配慮不足です。失礼いたしました。

さて、「宣言無しで変数を扱えることはできません。」に関してですが、
ECMAScript5以降にはsloppy mode(非厳格モード)とstrict mode(厳格モード)があります。
strict modeではおっしゃるとおり、宣言をしなければエラーが出て実行ができません。
しかし、sloppy modeでは宣言をせずともコードの実行ができます。

加えて、ECMAScriptやGASのデフォルトはsloppy modeになっています。
そのため、今回のコードは問題なく動くというわけです。

ご自分の環境で簡単なGASを実行して確認してみてください。

鈴なり れの鈴なり れの

確かに、sloppy modeであればコードの実行ができますね、その記述が見当たらなかったので考えていませんでした。

また、文章中に「var」がありますので修正お願いします。