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A survey of SBCs and Network devices

2023/02/02に公開
network
sbc
tech

注意事項

本記事は、個人の見解であり、所属組織や団体を代表するものではありません。
また、本記事の情報の内容について、一切の責任を負いません。ご利用は、自己責任でお願いします。買ってよかったものをコメントに書いてくださると大変参考になります。

Single-Board Computer(SBC) 調査の概要

最近、Single-Board Comupter が Amazon や AliExpress などで、格安なものや多種多様なものが増えてきたので、簡単に調査をしました。今までは、Raspberry Pi や NVIDIA Jetson が主流だったが、入手困難や高騰しているので、様々な選択肢が増えてきました。今回は、私が購入を検討したものを紹介します。

Single-Board Computer (SBC)　とは

Single-Board Computer(SBC) は、電子基板に Central Processing Unit(CPU) やMicroprocessor、Memory、Storage、Chipset、Input/Output Interface、Expansion Slots などの最小限の Component で実装さてたコンピュータです。Linux や Windows などの Operating System　(OS) が動作しており、様々な用途で利用できる比較的小さなコンピュータです。SBC とは別に、 高度な処理を行える Microprocessor ではなく、Micro-Control Unit(MCU) や System on System on Chip(SoC) などのプロセッサで組み込み制御などに用いる Arduino などの基盤は、Single-board microcontroller と呼びます。

SBC などを購入するにあたり考慮したいこと

購入するにあたり、想像しててものと違うなどを起こさないために、公式サイトなどの Document を調べましょう。また、レビュー記事も製品によってありますので、確認すると良いと思います。

Specification

様々なチップを使って作られているのでスペックや Chipset を確認しましょう。Instruction Set Architecture(ISA)でも、コンパイラの最適化の適応度合いでも、プログラムの性能が変わることがあります。また、Early bird releaseでもスペックが違う時もあります。そして、インターフェイスと接続方式でも性能は変わります。

Quality

安価なものが多く品質に問題があることがあります。コスト削減などにより、Dual-in-line package(DIP、リード部品) をリロー方式や手付けではなくリフロー方式のみで接合して、足を半田で固定しない基盤もある可能性があります。基盤の半田付けの方法はこちらを参考にしてください。

Availability

Raspberry Pi や Jetson Nano は、代表的なものなので、公式サイトや Switch Science　や AKIZUKI DENSHI TSUSHO などで入手できる時があります。しかし、売り切れになっていたり、特定のスペックしか買えないことがあります。何かの予算で買う際には、正規な代理店を選びますが、個人的に購入する際には、Aliexpress や個人輸入の方が安い場合もあります。また、Raspberry Piは、ケースや拡張モジュールが豊富であります。したがって、Raspberry Piの大きさに合わせる製品もあります。このような製品は、どこかにPiなど入っていることが多いですが、大きさや固定の為の穴位置などは、確認した方が良いです。

Single-Board Computers (SBCs)

Raspberry Pi 4B

Raspberry Pi 4Bは、ARM の CPU が搭載しており、RAM のスペックとして1GBと2GB、4GB、8GBがあります。
Raspberry Pi Imager から Raspberry Pi OS をインストールできて、簡単に動かすことができます。Cortex-A72は、優秀な印象です。最近は、高騰してたり、良い性能の SBC があるので悩みどころです。Raspberry Piは、SONYが作っているので応援したいです。また、Raspberry Pi 5の噂もありますので、このタイミングで購入するのは考え所ですね。

Your tiny, dual-display, desktop computer
…and robot brains, smart home hub, media centre, networked AI core, factory controller, and much moreRaspberry Pi 4

Raspberry Pi Compute Moduleで、Clusterを作成するのも楽しかもしれません。

NVIDIA Jetson

NVIDIAが開発した小型でエッジのAI向けコンピュータです。AI用途出なくても優秀な製品です。種類が豊富です。

NVIDIA Jetson is the world's leading platform for autonomous machines and other embedded applications. It includes Jetson modules, which are small form-factor, high-performance computers, the NVIDIA JetPack SDK for accelerating software, and an ecosystem with sensors, SDKs, services, and products to speed up development. Jetson is compatible with the same AI software and cloud-native workflows used across other NVIDIA platforms and delivers the power-efficient performance customers need to build software-defined autonomous machines.Embedded Systems with Jetson

Lattepanda 3 Delta

LattePandaは、Windows開発での意識したSBC Kitです。IntelのCPUとIntelのAX201(公式画像より)が乗っており、M.2 Key B(2242/2252/2280)より5G/4G Moduleが利用可能であり、使い勝手が良さそうなSBCです。（私は買います。

The LattePanda Team launched the world's thinnest pocket-sized hackable computer - LattePanda 3 Delta with global electronic components distributors. The collaboration will ensure that the product choice for LattePanda 3 Delta is passed on to customers through quick, easy online selection via the website of global electronic components distributors and LattePanda.
“LattePanda Team is so proud to cooperate with the global electronic components distributors for this joint launch. It delivers an exciting message to our customers that they can gain fast, easy access to our high-performance and hackable LattePanda 3 Delta anywhere in the world. Our collaboration will assure even higher levels of customer service,” said Sandy Zhang, CMO of LattePanda Team. LattePanda Team and Global Partners Jointly Launch LattePanda 3 Delta - the Fast and Pocket-sized S

Rock 5B

Rock 5G は、Rockchip RK3588を搭載している Raspberry Pi より一回り大きくて、性能が良い ARM の SBC です。また、2023年に、Raspberry Piと同じ大きさで少し拡張を下げたモデルやRAMが24GBのモデルが発売されます。

This is the documentation for ROCK 5 Model B, written by Radxa Team with community contributions. ROCK5 is a series of Rockchip RK3588(s) based SBC(Single Board Computer) by Radxa. It can run Linux, Android, BSD and other distributions.ROCK5 comes in two models, Model A and Model B. Both models offer 4GB, 8GB and 16GB options. For detailed difference between Model A and Model B, please check Specifications.ROCK5 features a Octa core ARM processor(4x Cortex-A76 + 4x Cortex-A55), 64bit 3200Mb/s LPDDR4, up to 8K@60 HDMI, MIPI DSI, MIPI CSI, 3.5mm jack with mic, USB Port, 2.5 GbE LAN, PCIe 3.0, PCIe 2.0, 40-pin color expansion header, RTC. Also, ROCK5 supports USB PD and QC powering.ROCK 5 Model B

ODROID-H3+

2 x 2.5Gbit Ethernet portsが特徴的なSBCです。

ODROID-H3+ has same form factor and similar power efficiency as their predecessor, the ODROID-H2+. But, H3+ is more powerful, offers higher performance.ODROID-H3+

khodas

なかなか良さそうなSBCです。

The VIM4 SBC is one of our Khadas VIM Series SBCs. It has a powerful Amlogic A311D2 SoC, 2.2GHz Quad core ARM Cortex-A73 and 2.0GHz Quad core Cortex-A53 CPU, with 4K and HDMI Input. Check VIM4 Specs.VIM4

  • Specifications

    • SoC: Amlogic A311D2 2.2GHz Quad core ARM Cortex-A73 and 2.0GHz Quad core Cortex-A53 CPU ARM Mali-G52 MP8(8EE) GPU up to 800MHz 8K 24fps decoder & low latency 4K H.264/H2.65 50fps encoder Support multi-video decoder up to 4Kx2K@60fps+1x1080P@60fps HDR10, HDR10+, HLG and PRIME HDR video processing TrustZone based security for DRM video streaming
    • Coprocessor: STM32G031K6
    • SPI Flash: 32MB
    • RAM: 8GB LPDDR4X 2016MHz, 64bit
    • EMMC 5.1: 32GB
    • Wi-Fi: AP6275S Wi-Fi 6 Module 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax, 2T2R MIMO with RSDB
    • Bluetooth: Bluetooth 5.1
    • LAN: 10/100/1000M
    • Wake on Lan
    • TF Card: Molex Slot, Spec Version 2.x/3.x/4.x(SDSC/SDHC/SDXC)
    • USB HOST: x2 (1500mA & 1300mA Load)
    • USB Type-C: USB2.0 OTG & USB PD
    • VIN Connector: System Power Input
    • Wide Input Voltage: Range from 9V to 20V
    • HDMI Output: Type-A Female HDMI2.1, up to 4K2K HDR Video, Dynamic HDR, CEC and HDCP 1.4/2.3
    • HDMI Input: Micro HDMI, up to 4Kp60
    • DMIC: Stereo Digital Microphones
    • V-by-One: 8 lanes Interface, Resolution up to 4096*2160 30 Pin 0.5mm Pitch FPC Connector
    • Touch Display: MIPI-DSI and eDP Combo Interface 4 lanes MIPI-DSI Interface, Resolution up to 19201200 or 4 lanes eDP Interface, Resolution up to 25601600 I2C and GPIO Signals for Touch Panel 40 Pin 0.5mm Pitch FPC Connector
    • Camera: Interface: 4 lanes MIPI-CSI x2 Supports Dual Cameras Up to 16 MP ISP 30 Pin & 20 Pin 0.5mm Pitch FPC Connectors
    • Sensor: KXTJ3-1057 Tri-axis Digital Accelerometer
    • M.2 Socket: PCIe 2.0 (1 lane) M.2 2280 NVMe SSD Supported USB 2.0, I2S, I2C, GPIO, MCU-I/O
      -RTC Battery Header: 0.8mm Pitch Header
    • Cooling Fan Header: 4-Pins 0.8mm Pitch Header, with PWM Speed Control
    • LEDs: White LED x1, Red LED x1
    • 40-Pins Header(2.54mm): CPU: USB, I2C, I2S, SPDIF, UART, PWM, ADC, GPIO MCU: SWCLK, SWDIO
    • Buttons: x3 (Power / Func / Reset)
    • XPWR Pads: For External Power Button
    • Mounting Holes: Size M2 x 4
    • Board Dimensions: 82.0 x 58.0 x 11.5 mm
    • Board Weight: 31g
    • Bootloader: U-Boot
    • Linux Kernel: Linux 5.4

  • https://www.khadas.com/vim4

  • https://docs.khadas.com/products/sbc/vim4/start?redirect=1

Nano Pi Fire3

Raspberry Piより小さい方がいい方向けです。

The NanoPi Fire3 is a high performance ARM Board developed by FriendlyElec for Hobbyists, Makers and Hackers for IOT projects. It features Samsung's Cortex-A53 Octa Core S5P6818@1.4GHz SoC and 1GB 32bit DDR3 RAM. It has a Gbps Ethernet port. It boots Android and Debian from a TF card. It integrates an HDMI and LCD interface. Its adoption of the Raspberry Pi's GPIO pin header makes it compatible with both Raspberry Pi's external GPIO modules and Arduino's shield boards. Its PCB dimension is 75 x 40 mm.NanoPi Fire3

  • Specifications

    • CPU: S5P6818, 1.4GHz
    • RAM: 1GBMB DDR3
    • Connectivity: Gbps Ethernet port
    • PMU Power Management: Implemented by a Cortex-M0 MCU, support software power-off, sleep and wakeup functions
    • USB 2.0 Type A x 1
    • Debug Serial Port/UART0 x 1
    • microSD Slot x 1
    • microUSB x 1: for data transmission and power input
    • LCD Interface: 0.5 mm pitch SMT FPC seat, for full-color LCD (RGB: 8-8-8)
    • HDMI: HDMI 1.4A, microHDMI(Type-D), 1080P60
    • DVP Camera Interface: 0.5mm spacing FPC socket. It includes ITU-R BT 601/656 8-bit, I2C and IO
    • GPIO: 2.54mm spacing 40pin, compatible with Raspberry Pi's GPIO. It includes UART, SPI, I2C, PWM, IO etc
    • Button: Power Button x 1, Reset Button x 1
    • LED: LED for Power Indication x 1, System LED x 1
    • RTC: RTC Battery Seat
    • PCB Dimension: 75 x 40mm
    • Power: DC 5V/2A
    • Temperature measuring range: -20℃ to 80℃
    • OS: Android, Debian and FriendlyCore(Linux Kernel 4.4 + Qt5.9 + OpenGL2.0)

  • http://nanopi.io/nanopi-neo.html

Banana Pi BPI-R3 Router board

Open Source Router Boardです。Router開発にちょうど良い感じのSBCです。

Banana Pi BPI-R3 Router board with MediaTek MT7986(Filogic 830) quad core ARM A53 + MT7531A chip design ,2G DDR RAM ,8G eMMC flash onboard,It is a very high performance open source router development board,support Wi-Fi 6 2.4G wifi use MT7975N and 5G wifi use MT7975P, support 2 SFP 2.5GbE port, and 5 GbE network port.Banana Pi BPI-R3 Router board with MediaTek MT7986(Filogic 830),support Wi-Fi 6,2.5GbE SF

  • Specifications

    • CPU: MediaTek MT7986(Filogic 830) Quad core ARM Cortex A53+MT7531 chip design
    • SDRAM: 2 GB DDR4
    • On board Storage: MicroSD (TF) card,8GB eMMC onboard
    • GPIO: 26 Pin GPIO,some of which can be used for specific functions including UART, I2C, SPI, PWM, I2S.
    • On board Network: 5 Port 10/100/1000Mbps Ethernet
    • SFP: 2 SFP 2.5GbE
    • Wifi: Wifi 6 4x4 2.4G Wifi(MT7975N) +4x4 5G Wifi(MT7975P)
    • mini PCIE: Mini PCIe via USB
    • M.2 interface: M.2 KEY-E PCIe inerface
    • USB: 1 USB 3.0 host, 2 USB interface with slot.
    • Buttons: Reset button, WPS botton, boot switch
    • Leds: Power status Led and RJ45 Led
    • DC Power: 12V/2A with DC in
    • Sizes: 100.5x148mm same as Banana Pi BPI-R64 and Banana Pi BPI-R2
    • Weight: 200g

  • https://banana-pi.org/

  • https://www.banana-pi.org/en/bananapi-router/99.html

  • https://wiki.banana-pi.org/Banana_Pi_BPI-R3

R86S

10GbEのRouter開発で話題になったデバイスです。OCP2.0インターフェイスにて、PCIE3.0x4でCX341/CX342とつながっているのが特徴です。私は買わないかな...

R86S is an X86 Open Source Router/MINIPC/Development Board device for geeks and technology fanciers.R86S

VisionFive 2

RISC-V の SB Cです。私は、2 x GbE が欲しかったので通常盤を買いました。

VisionFive 2 is the world’s first high-performance RISC-V single board computer (SBC) with an integrated GPU. Compared with its last generation, VisionFive 2 has been fully upgraded with significant improvements in the processor work frequency, multimedia processing capabilities, scalability, etc. Its superior performance and reasonable price make VisionFive 2 the best affordable RISC-V development board ever.VisionFive 2

  • Specifications

    • StarFive JH7110: StarFive JH7110 with RISC-V quad-core CPU with 2 MB L2 cache and a monitor core, supporting RV64GC ISA, working up to 1.5 GHz
    • Imagination GPU: IMG BXE-4-32 MC1 with work frequency up to 600 MHz
    • Memory: 2 GB/4 GB/8 GB LPDDR4 SDRAM, up to 2,800 Mbps
    • Storage: Onboard TF card slot The VisionFive 2 can boot from a TF card., Flash The firmware to store U-Boot and bootloader.
    • Video Output: 1 × 2-lane MIPI DSI display port, supporting up to
      1080p@30fps, 1 × 4-lane MIPI DSI display port, supporting up to
      2K@30fps in both single display and dual display
      modes., 1 × HDMI 2.0, supporting up to 4K@30fps or 2K@60fps
    • Camera: 1 × 2-lane MIPI CSI camera port, supporting up to 1080p@30fps
    • Encoder/Decoder: Video decoder supports up to 4K@60fps and multi-stream for H264/H265;, Video encoder supports up to 1080p@30fps and multi-stream for H265;, JPEG encoder/decoder
    • Audio: 4-pole stereo audio jack
    • Ethernet: 2 × RJ45 Gigabit Ethernet ports
    • USB Host: 4 × USB 3.0 ports (multiplexed with a PCIe 2.0 1x lane).
    • USB Device: 1 × USB device port (by reusing the USB-C port)
    • M.2: Connector M.2 M-Key
    • eMMC Socket: For eMMC modules as OS and data storage
    • 2-Pin Fan Header
    • Power: USB-C port 5 V DC via USB-C with PD, up to 30 W (minimum 3 A)
    • GPIO Power: In 5 V DC via GPIO header (minimum 3 A)

  • https://www.starfivetech.com/en/site/boards

  • https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/starfive/visionfive-2

  • https://doc-en.rvspace.org/Doc_Center/visionfive_2.html

  • https://doc-en.rvspace.org/VisionFive2/PDF/VisionFive2_PB.pdf

ASUS IoT

Tinker Board 2Sが人気の模様です。

開発　/　評価プラットフォーム

FPGAなどの開発/評価ボードも様々な出てきて、SDKなどソフトウェアも無料なものやOSSなものが増えてきました。

開発　/　評価　Kits

FPGA関連を載せています。

KR260 Vision AI / Robotics Starter Kit

Roboticが気になっています。
Zynq UltraScale+™ MPSoC EV (XCK26)で、イーサネットインターフェイスが4 x 10/100/1000 Mb/s RJ-45sと1 x SFP+が付いているKitです。

Offered in Commercial and Industrial grades, the Kria K26 SOM features a custom-built Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC device in a small form factor card ideal for production deployment in Smart Camera, Embedded Vision, and other Security, Retail Analytics, Smart City, and Machine Vision applications.Kria K26

Agilex / Stratix / Arria

Network devices

Network関係のものを記載します。

Co-Packaged Optics (CPO) / Software Defined SFP / Smart SFP

SFP や QSFP などの Transceiver に、ASIC や CPU を搭載することにより、高帯域や低消費電力、コスト削減、Switch の処理を OFFROAD、機能追加などを行えます。

Co-Packaged Optics (CPO)

As the demand for network and compute fabric bandwidth continues to accelerate, innovation in both system and chip architectures are required to mitigate the slowing of Moore's law. At the same time, copper interconnects are fast reaching their bandwidth-distance limits. Silicon photonics is critical to sustaining rapid data growth and supporting high-bandwidth applications, such as Ethernet switching, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI/ML) and high-performance computing (HPC).
Co-Packaged Optics (CPO) is an advanced heterogeneous integration of optics and silicon on a single packaged substrate aimed at addressing next generation bandwidth and power challenges. CPO brings together a wide range of expertise in fiber optics, digital signal processing (DSP), switch ASICs, and state-of-the-art packaging & test to provide disruptive system value for the data center and cloud infrastructure.Co-Packaged Optics (CPO)

PlumSpace Software Defined Smart SFP

Smart SFP also features the Intel Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK) which greatly boosts packet processing performance and throughput to improve data plane performance.
Smart SFP designed for low-cost and high-volume market. It’s is easily pluggable into SFP ports of switches and routers. It delivers substantial OpEx savings by eliminating additional power, space and cabling expenses.Software Defined Smart SFP

SMART SFP

Experience the power of simplicity of next-generation transceivers
Smart SFPs bring simplicity to your network by design. Integrating network functions to transceivers, Smart SFPs can replace several devices in your network. You decrease the overall number of devices used in your network, thereby making your network much simpler. With a simple network, you can lower overall power consumptions as well as carbon footprint and reduce your OPEX. Smart SFPs are zero footprint solution and CAPEX gets lower for the same level of network enhancement by simply replacing existing transceivers.
Integrating packet processors in transceivers, Smart SFPs are next-genearation transceivers which will introduce intelligence to your network in the most cost-effective way. In conformance with MSA, they operate in the entire Industrial Temperature range. By simply replacing existing transceivers with Smart SFPs, you can provide better service to your customer. Smart SFPs are jointly developed by OE Solutions and AimValley.ABOUT SMART SFP

Smart NIC / DPU / IPU

Cisco Nexus SmartNIC

Programmable ultra-low latency, high-precision time-stamping SmartNICs
Nexus Smart Network Interface Cards (SmartNICs) are next-generation FPGA-based ultra-low latency and high-resolution timestamping adapters. Program your network and accelerate application offloads with Nexus SmartNICs.Cisco Nexus SmartNIC

Chelsio Terminator 7 ASIC

In addition to the above offloads, versions of T7 integrate 8 A72 Arm cores that are exposed to the user. These Arm cores offload the traffic to the integrated 400Gb DPU on the chip and as a result the Arm cores are available to support the user’s specific application. The T7 transport engine is a programmable DPU that can offload protocol processing per connection, per-server, per-interface, while simultaneously providing complete stateless offload to traffic for non-offloaded connections (processed by operating systems stack running on host CPU). The T7 also provides a flexible direct data placement capability for regular TCP sockets, with all the benefits of zero-copy and kernel bypass without rewriting the applications. To support the Arm Cores, Chelsio provides a full development and debug software package to allow development of application specific firmware.Terminator 7 ASIC

MARVELL Data Processing Units

Marvell’s OCTEON and ARMADA devices are design for use in wireless infrastructure and networking equipment including switches, routers, secure gateways, firewall, network monitoring, and SmartNICs (Smart Network Interface Cards) and are supported with comprehensive and unified software development kits (SDKs) and open source APIs for a wide range of networking, security and compute market applications.Data Processing Units

NVIDIA BlueField Data Processing Units (DPU)

Discover the wide range of ways that the NVIDIA BlueField DPU can offload, isolate, accelerate, and transform your data center.NVIDIA BlueField
Data Processing Units

Infrastructure Processing Unit (IPU)

Programmable network devices that intelligently manage system-level resources by securely accelerating networking and storage infrastructure functions in a data center.Intel Infrastructure Processing Unit (Intel IPU)

White Box Switch

ここからは、完全に趣味です。White Box Switchも、Single-Boardに見えますよね？かなりまな板だよコレ！
したがって、Software for Open Networking in the Cloud (SONiC)が動作するWhite Box(Baremetal) Switchを載せます。

FS

所感

様々な用途向けの SBC が流行っていて嬉しいです。ハードでの開発環境が良くなっているので、私も色々触ってみます。後は、SONiCとDPUが触って行きたいですね。広帯域で長距離のTransceiverもしたいです。海外では、SBC で pfsense でソフトウェアルータを作るのが流行っている印象です。

参考文献

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